Heat transfer through a solid without the movement of the solid itself is called?

Heat transfer through a solid without the movement of the solid itself is referred to as conduction. This process occurs primarily at the molecular level, where heat is transmitted through collisions and interactions between neighboring particles. In solids, the closely packed arrangement of atoms facilitates this transfer, allowing thermal energy to move from the warmer regions to cooler ones.

Conduction is integral in many everyday scenarios, such as when a metal rod is heated on one end, where the energy quickly travels along the rod, resulting in the other end also becoming heat. The efficiency of conduction depends on several factors, including the material's thermal conductivity, with metals typically conducting heat far better than insulators like wood or plastic. Understanding conduction is crucial in the field of refrigeration, as it can impact the efficiency of heat exchangers and insulation materials used in refrigeration systems.